There are four species of flowering plants Phanerogams that can typically be found in the Venice lagoon: Sea-wrack (Zostera marina) and Sea-grass (Cymodocea marina) , which colonise the seabed covered by more than a metre of water, and Zostera noltii Hornem grass and Sea-madder (Rubbia maritime) that mainly grow near sandbanks and the velme.

Until recently large stretches of the seabed were covered by Phanerogams, whose complex roots helped consolidate the seabed. Today these plants are far fewer, while now algae dominate, sometimes particularly rare species.

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400 - 1000 - until today - rev. 0.1.6